Lotus syntax (in the works)

Variables

Variables are immutable by default

x: i32 = 2;
y: bool = true;
y: str = "hello, world";

Use the mut keyword to make them mutable

mut x: i32 = 2;
mut y: bool = true;
mut z: str = "hello, world";
x = 3;
y = false;
z = "new str";

Use auto or the walrus operator to detect the type

x: auto = 23;
x := 23;

Or alternatively using the type before the name

i32 x = 2;
bool y = true;
str z = "hello, world";

mut i32 x = 2;
mut bool y = true;
mut str z = "hello, world";
x = 3;
y = false;
z = "new str";

auto x = 23;
x := 23;

Loops

For loops

for i: i32 = 0; i < 10; i++ {
    print(f"Number: {i}");
}

for i in 0..10 {
    print(f"Number: {i}");
}
for e in list {
    print(f"Element: {e}");
}

While loops

while condition {
    print("Still running...");
}

Conditional statements

If statements

if !condition {
    print("It is false");
}

if condition && another_condition {
    print("Both are true");
}

if condition || another_condition {
    print("One is true");
}

Or alternatively using "and", "or" and "not"

if not condition and (another_condition or a_third_condition) {
    print("Result is true!");
}

One line if statements (force the use of parentheses on if statements without braces)

if (x == 2 && y < 3) print("x is 2 and y is less then 3");

Else statements

if condition {
    // code here
} else {
    // more code here
}

Else-if statements

if condition {
    // code here
} else if another_condition {
    // more code here
} else {
    // even more code here
}

Functions

Function without return type

fn print_in_loop(text: str, n: i32) {
    for i in 0..n {
        print(text);
    }
}

Function with return type

fn factorial(n: i32) -> i32 {
    if n == 1 {
        ret n;
    }
    ret factorial(n - 1);
}

Or alternatively using the type before parameter name

fn print_in_loop(str text, i32 n) {
    for i in 0..n {
        print(text);
    }
}

fn factorial(i32 n) -> i32 {
    if n == 1 {
        ret n;
    }
    ret factorial(n - 1);
}

Type casting

Cast a variable with: <variable> ~ <type>

x: f64 = 3.4;
y: i32 = x ~ i32;

F-strings

Use an f-string to insert variables inside of a string (useful when printing)

age: i32 = 10;
print(f"Your age is: {age}");